Shock-absorber.



J. W. A ELLING, SHOCK ABSORBER.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 6 1914.

1,187,290. Patented June 13, 1916,

. taken place and. the parts, the body, the

' memes.

JENS WILLIAM: AEGIDIUS ELLIN G, 0F CHBISTIANIA, NORWAY.

L enema-assesses.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 13,1916."

Application filed January 6, 1914. Serial No. 810,607.

To all whom itmay concern:

Be it known thatd, JENs WILLIAM Anonnus ELLING, a; subject of the Kingof the following is a specification;

Carriage springs will work correctly, when interruptions ofequilibrium'take place, but wrong as soon as the new equilibrium hasframe and the axle of the car, are returning to the normal position. Ifthe wheel of a car running with great speed on a horizontal road arrivesat a gradually rising unevenness on the ground the wheel will during itsrising movements deflect the spring because said body cannot follow withthe same rapidity. 'When the vertical acceleration on the wheeloccasioned by the said unevenness ceases the inertia of the wheel willstill act and further deflect the spring until said inertia is. consumedin the work of acceleration exerted on the body of the car. After thewheel has arrived to its highest position the frame will still continueto rise acceleratingly and continue herewith also during the followingdownward movement of the wheel, until the latter has arrived at itsresting or normal position relative the frame of the car. The frame willthen continue torise (although retarding). After the wheel has touchedthe ground a part of its inertia will be converted into heat, while thebalance will lift the wheel again and thereby furtherprevent the framefrom arriving at its resting position. The wheel will not be at restbefore havmg by repeated strokes against the ground'converted thevertical component of its inertia into heat which is imparted orconducted to the wheel and to the pavement.

1f the wheel has pneumatic tires, the same will be much damaged, as thespeed during the down'strokc generally is much greater than during thefirst rising movement. The pavement also suffers from these compressionsof the pneumatic tires, the binding medium being at first pressed intothe pavement and then sucked out of the same in the shape of dust. Ifthe wheel has solid tires the shocks will be violent and the noisegreat, and the jolting ofv the axle etc. will cause breakage.

The present invention relates to an improved method" of subduing orreducing the violence of the movements of the Wheels of above the pistonis compressed, while the rapid running road cars, as is caused by theunevennesses on the road-surface said gnethod consisting in subjectingthe wheels (and the axle), after having been lifted (or lowered) by anunevenness, to intermittent forces-so as to obtain movements of longerperiods and of smaller amplitiules, for the purpose of attainingreductions of vibrations imparted to the wheels and the car-body.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for the practicalexecution of the method said means consisting of a cylinder, wherein isworking a piston which is combined with a valve mechanism, which by eachreturn movement of the pistonmakes communication between the spacesonboth sides of the piston, but at the movement of the piston av smallfraction of the length of the stroke at once cuts off saidcommlmicapiston the one is secured to the frame and the other to theaxle ofthe vehicle.

An embodiment of my invention is illustrated in two modes of executionon the no companying drawing, in whichcarriage of a motor-car providedwith an apparatus according, to my invention. Fig. 2 a sectional viewofcylinder with tubevalve. Fig. 3 is a plan view of same. Fig. t is asectional view of cylinder with annular valve, and Fig. 5 a. plan viewof piston body. I

' In Figs. 2 and 3 a is the cylinder of the apparatus, which in thepresent chse is mounted on the frame of the motor-car. 0 is the pistonthe rod of which in 'the ordinary manner works air-tight through thebottom" of the cylinder. The rod is by a connecting-rod I) connectedwith the axle.

'l he characteristic feature of the apparatus consists in the pistonbeing provided ,with'a valve mechanism consisting of a tube (Z, whichslides air-tight in the piston and follows the latter by friction; thetube at is a little shorter than the distance between the bottom an dthe cover of the cylinder.

The working of the apparatus is the following: As soon as the wheel islifted and.

tube d will immediately close against the top of the cylinder andconsequently the air air belowthe same expands. The frame of the carwill consequently be hfted. When the spring and the air pressure hasovercome-the 1 the'commencement of the down-stroke take inertia of thewheel, the piston will during along with it the tube d, wherebycommunication is established between the space on both sides of thepiston and the air pressure on both sides is equalized, As soon as thetube has closed against the bottom of the cylinder compression takesplace below the piston and expansion above the same. It will now dependupon the dimensions of the cylinder and the spring whether the wheelwill reach the ground before the frame ofthe car has come nearer down toits normal position,

with a speed corresponding only to thefac:

celeration of the gravity. After the wheel has touched the ground nogreat jumping can take place because thepiston atonce carinder with theconsequent compression above 4 cording to Fig. 2.

rice the tube up against the top of the cyland expansion below the same.v In the second execution, Figs. 4 and'5, the

piston 0 is of a smaller diameter than the cylinder 0; and it isprovided with projections or ribs f, Fig. 5, fornnngpassa'ges betweenthem and supporting a packing ring 6, which Works on the piston withsmall playat top and bottom' so as to establish communication betweenthe spaces on both sides of the piston during each reversion of thelatter, just in the same manner as ac- F or the purpose of lubrication aquantity 7 of. oil is introduced into the space below the piston, saidoil being carried to the space above the piston either through pipe d,Fig. 2, the compressed air forcing the oil through said pipe during thedownward movement,

or through a by-pass or pipe 9, Fig. 4, having an automatically closingvalve h. The oil may also be contained in a chamber from which it iscarried in suitable manner. The

air-cylinder will consequently by any dis-I turbance of equilibrium actas an ideal spring (with increasing tension) in addition to the ordinaryspring, but after attaining the state of equilibrium it will notonly'cease to act as the ordinary spring, but It will thus ness onvtheroadthe air-cylinder will pro .duce a ride more free from' joltsthan byordinary'spring alone; the size of the un the heating of the tire and ofthe pavement, '.It. is easy to get the heat conducted from the cylinderby external cooling surface, whlle it for instance by; pneumatic tireswould in our .heavy workingexpenses.

It isjevident that pneumatic tires will not be necessary when the wheelscome down smoothly and afterward do not jump in a degree worthmentioning. It is evident that the spring 'cannow be quite elastic asthe intermittent action of the piston prevents oscillations. j

Having described my invention, I claim: 1. A shock absorber compris ngacylinder closed'at its ends, 'a' piston operabledn said cylinder andarranged to provide a. chamber at each side thereof within the cylinder, and meansfor establishing communication between saidchambers,said means comprising a hollow tube movably mounted in the piston'andadapted to contact. at eitheruend with a closed endof the cylinderforelosing'the passage'through said tube and interrupting communicationbetween the chambers upon reciprocation of the pis-" ton. 1

2. A shock absorber comprising a cylinder closed at itsends, apistonoperable in ["said cylinder and arranged to provide a chamber at eachside thereof within the cyl inder, and means for establishingcommunication between' said chambers, said means comprising a hollowtube movably mounted in the piston and having its end portion extendingfrom opposite sides of said piston into the chambers aforesaid, the endsof said tube being disposed adjacent to the closed ends of the cylinderwhereby on initial movement of the pistbn to open communication' betweenthe chambers and upon further movement to interrupt communicatiiiin oncontact of an end/of the tube with its adj acent cylinder end.

In testimony whereof I aifiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JEN S WILLIAM AEGIDIUS'ELLING.

Witnesses:

M. E. ('iULLQRMOLY, Ru'ru Lmus'rRoM.

